The Impact of the Extreme Floods in July 1997 on the Ichthyocenosis of the Oder Catchment Area (Czech Republic)

摘要

Changes in the ichthyocenosis of five smaller streams of 2nd to 4th order existing in the spring section of the River Odra (Oder) catchment area, in the territory of the Czech Republic, were observed before and after the catastrophic floods of July 1997. Quantitative catches using electro-fishing were performed in June, August, and September 1997, i.e. a month before and 2 months after the floods. The maximum flow of water in the examined sites usually reached or exceeded the limit of the so-called ȁ8once in a century high waterȁ9. Extreme floods did not influence statistically the proven average readings of species diversity of ichthyocenosis in the examined sites (p = 0.5625), species variety (p = 0.7316), abundance per hectare (p = 0.3125), and biomass per hectare (p = 0.4375). A distinctive decline in abundance and also in the biomass of the ichthyocenosis took place in geomorphic reaches. Significant incisions and alterations in the routes of the streams were also observed. Statistical data of catches of key reophilous fish species from the River Oder catchment basin, all of which were affected by the floods, in the periods 1995–1996, 1997, and 1998–1999, were evaluated. Catches of the species of Salmo trutta and Thymallus thymallus in 1997 considerably increased. Only Thymallus thymallus experienced a more pronounced decrease in the years after the floods, when compared with the average readings made in the period 1995–1996. The readings of the adult abundance of Barbus barbus and Chondrostoma nasus did not prove a negative impact of the floods on the adult population of both species in the assessed years. Our findings suggest that the original fish communities may be naturally well adapted to culmination flows.