Adaptation of the Water-Electrolyte Metabolism to Space Flight and at Its Imitation

摘要

A fifty-year study of water-electrolyte metabolism, the condition of the water medium of the body, and hormonal regulation during space flights and the postflight period or their on-ground modeling (hypokinesia, bed rest, immersion, etc.) has shown the important role of water-salt homeostasis in adaptation of the human and animal body to weightlessness. It has been revealed that, in weightlessness, the conditions for the development of a negative balance of a liquid (hydrohydration) and basic electrolytes are created. After termination of long space flights, attributes of the development of adaptive reactions, compensating for the loss of extracellular liquid volume come to light. In order to assess the state of the kidneys and water-electrolyte metabolism in cosmonauts and investigators, functional load tests, and special methods of diagnostics were developed. This is the basis for the research aimed at improving the scheme of correction of the water balance of the body of cosmonauts at different stages of a flight.