Панкратические объективы на основе линз Альвареса

摘要

Приведены классификация панкратических объективов по принципу действия и особенности каждого из них. В качестве переменного компонента в оптической системе объектива предлагается компонент Альвареса, приводится его описание, отмечаются плюсы и минусы. Анализируются различные публикации по данной теме, приведены направления исследований и области применения данных компонентов. Предлагаются новые направления исследований компонента Альвареса.%One of the most demanded areas of optical engineering is design of variable optical systems. A classification of zoom optical systems by action is given and types of such systems are described as there are many varieties of such systems. The article describes Alvarez lenses that, as tunable components, provide significant advantages in optical system over classical variable optical systems as well as other tunable lenses. It is also noted that these types of lenses have some disadvantages related to alignments and aberrations. The review describes the principle action of Alvarez lenses and equations in the first approximation, which can be used to design them. In particular, the derivation of the focal length formula is presented. Contemporary technologies of the optical processing allow fabricating freeform surfaces. It is mentioned that some materials can be used for fabrication Alvarez lenses depending on spectral range which lies in the core of the optical system. Some applications and devices using Alvarez lenses are given as examples. New directions to research this type of lens are offered.