What is landscape? Was there a concept of landscape in ancient nRome? Analysing the cityscape is now an established trend in the nstudy of Rome and, since the 1990s, scholarship has explored the idea nthat thinking about the topography of the city of Rome encourages a nmore wide-ranging exploration of what being Roman was all about.n2n nTaking a broader approach, this Survey tackles the semiotics3n of a nset of described, depicted, and three-dimensional landscapes where nthe emphasis is on a collaboration between nature and humankind.nThe timeframe is the late Roman Republic and early Principate, an nera of change and reconstitution, when defi ning what being Roman nmeant was high on many agendas. This is also an era that offers the nbest possible scope for exploring a fascinating and diverse range of nemblematic natural and manmade environments, taking in some of nthe most famous (but also some more unexpected) scenes in Roman nliterature, art, and architecture, closing with Hadrian’s out-of-town nlandscaped villa near Tibur.
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