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Sea Level Budget Over 2003-2008: A Reevaluation From Grace Space Gravimetry, Satellite Altimetry And Argo

机译:2003-2008年的海平面预算:恩典空间重力法,卫星测高仪和Argo的重新评估

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From the IPCC 4th Assessment Report published in 2007, ocean thermal expansion contributed by ~50% to the 3.1 mm/yr observed global mean sea level rise during the 1993-2003 decade, the remaining rate of rise being essentially explained by shrinking of land ice. Recently published results suggest that since about 2003, ocean thermal expansion change, based on the newly deployed Argo system, is showing a plateau while sea level is still rising, although at a reduced rate (~2.5 mm/yr). Using space gravimetry observations from GRACE, we show that recent years sea level rise can be mostly explained by an increase of the mass of the oceans. Estimating GRACE-based ice sheet mass balance and using published estimates for glaciers melting, we further show that ocean mass increase since 2003 results by about half from an enhanced contribution of the polar ice sheets - compared to the previous decade - and half from mountain glaciers melting. Taking also into account the small GRACE-based contribution from continental waters (< 0.2 mm/yr), we find a total ocean mass contribution of ~ 2 mm/yr over 2003-2008. Such a value represents ~ 80% of the altimetry-based rate of sea level rise over that period. We next estimate the steric sea level (i.e., ocean thermal expansion plus salinity effects) contribution from: (1) the difference between altimetry-based sea level and ocean mass change and (2) Argo data. Inferred steric sea level rate from (1) (~0.3 mm/yr over 2003-2008) agrees well with the Argo-based value also estimated here (0.37 mm/yr over 2004-2008). Furthermore, the sea level budget approach presented in this study allows us to constrain independent estimates of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) correction applied to GRACE-based ocean and ice sheet mass changes, as well as of glaciers melting. Values for the GIA correction and glacier contribution needed to close the sea level budget and explain GRACE-based mass estimates over the recent years agree well with totally independent determinations.
机译:根据2007年发布的IPCC第四次评估报告,在1993年至2003年的十年期间,全球平均海平面上升,海洋热膨胀对3.1 mm / yr的贡献约为50%,其余的上升率基本上是由陆地冰的收缩来解释的。最新公布的结果表明,自2003年左右以来,基于新部署的Argo系统的海洋热膨胀变化呈现出平稳状态,而海平面仍在上升,尽管速度有所降低(约2.5毫米/年)。利用来自GRACE的空间重力观测,我们发现近年来海平面上升的主要原因可以是海洋质量的增加。估算基于GRACE的冰盖质量平衡并使用已发布的冰川融化估计值,我们进一步表明,自2003年以来,海洋质量的增加约占极性冰盖贡献的增加的一半(与前十年相比),而一半则来自高山冰川融化。同时考虑到大陆水域的GRACE贡献较小(<0.2 mm / yr),我们发现2003-2008年海洋总质量贡献为〜2 mm / yr。该值代表该时期基于海拔的海平面上升率的约80%。接下来,我们将根据以下方面估算空间海平面(即,海洋热膨胀和盐度效应)的贡献:(1)基于测高仪的海平面与海洋质量变化之间的差异,以及(2)Argo数据。从(1)推断出的空间海平面速率(2003-2008年为〜0.3毫米/年)与此处估算的基于Argo的值(2004-2008年为0.37毫米/年)非常吻合。此外,本研究中提出的海平面预算方法使我们能够限制对基于GRACE的海洋和冰盖质量变化以及冰川融化的冰川等静校正(GIA)校正的独立估计。近年来,关闭海平面预算并解释基于GRACE的质量估算所需的GIA校正值和冰川贡献值与完全独立的测定结果非常吻合。

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