Geophysics of Snow and Ice in Finland during the 1900s

摘要

In winter in Finland the land is covered by snow, fresh water bodies as well as the neighbouring areas of the Baltic Sea are covered by ice, and the ground is frozen. Snow and ice research is thus a natural field of geophysics in this country. The main topics have been the seasonal snow cover and sea ice. The research began well in the 1800s for practical monitoring purpose and for the sake of general interest in natural sciences. Until 1940 the activity was focused on the establishment and development of snow and ice monitoring systems.