Maintaining high fluid pressures in older sedimentary basins

摘要

High fluid pressures in old geologic basins, where the mechanisms that generate high fluid pressure have ceased to operate, pose the problem of how high fluid pressures are maintained through geologic time. Recent oil and gas exploration reveals that low permeability shales, the source beds for oil and gas, contain large quantities of gas that are now being exploited in many sedimentary basins in North America. No earlier analyses of how to maintain high fluid pressure in older sedimentary basins included a shale bed as a source of adsorbed gas; this is a new conceptual element that will fundamentally change the analysis. Such a large fluid source can compensate for a low rate of bleed off in a dynamic system. If the fluid source is large enough, as the gas within these shale source beds appears to be, there will no appreciable drop in pressure accompanying a low rate of leakage from the basin for long periods. For the dynamic school of basin analysts this may provide the missing piece in the puzzle, explaining how high fluid pressures are maintained for long periods of geologic time in a crust with finite, non-zero permeability. This is a hypothesis which needs to be tested by new basin analyses.