Diversity of endophytic fungi of Taxus globosa (Mexican yew)

摘要

The aim of this work was the isolation and taxonomic characterization of endophytic fungi from Taxus globosa at the Sierra Alta Hidalguense, Mexico. A total of 116 fungi were isolated from the bark, branches, leaves and roots of healthy yew trees. Based on morphological characteristics 57 were selected for taxonomic characterization through phylogenetic analysis of their 28S rDNA sequences. The fungal isolates belonged to Ascomycota (77.2%) and Basidiomycota (22.8%). Twelve different fungal groups were identified: Coniochaetales, Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Phyllachorales, Pleosporales, Pezizales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariales, Trichosphaeriales, Xylariales, Agaricales and Polyporales. The taxa Alternaria sp. Aspergillus sp., Cochliobolus sp., Coprinellus domesticus, Hypoxylon sp., Polyporus arcularius, Xylaria juruensis and Xylariaceae were the most frequently isolated. The genera Annulohypoxylon, Cercophora, Conoplea, Daldinia, Lecythophora, Letendraea, Massarina, Phialophorophoma, Sporormia, Xylomelasma, Coprinellus, Polyporus and Trametes for the first time were isolated from yews; this suggests that T. globosa harbours novel and highly diverse fungi. The Shannon-Weaver and Simpson diversity index values for the overall fungal community were H′ = 3.139 and 1-D = 0.941 respectively.