EFFECTS OF SELECTED PHARMACEUTICALS ON GROWTH, REPRODUCTION AND FEEDING OF DAPHNIA MAGNA

摘要

In the present study, the acute and chronic toxicities of caffeine (CAF), norfloxacin (NFX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were investigated using Daphnia magna as a model animal. The median lethal concentrations were 177.49 mg/L for CAF, 187.48 mg/L for NFX and 234.18 mg/L for SMX after 48 h of exposure. The selected pharmaceuticals (alone and in combination) significantly suppressed the growth and reproduction of D. magna after 21 days of exposure, and obvious concentration-response relationships were observed. The endpoints "number of offspring per female in the first brood", "number of offspring per brood per female" and "intrinsic rate of natural increase" were the most sensitive parameters to pharmaceutical exposure. Single and combined Pharmaceuticals significantly reduced the feeding rates of D. magna. The median effective concentrations were obtained based on reproduction and feeding rates of D. magna. In addition, the order of toxicity which was CAF>NFX>SMX was consistent, and synergistic or additive effects were observed during co-exposure.