Stochastic Characterisation of the District Heating Load Pattern of Residential Buildings

摘要

Due to the current energy objectives regarding energy conservation and efficiency [1], many efforts have been made in the scientific literature to address climate change and reduce greenhouse emissions. To achieve these objectives, the European Commission has recently updated the European energy framework through the Clean Energy for all Europeans package, which includes eight directives such as the Energy Efficiency Directive [2]. With these aims in mind, district heating systems (DHS) have been identified as a key technology for the transition from a fossil-based energy system to a sustainable system dominated by renewable energies [3]. However, only the new generation of DHS is able to use renewable and scarce sources, to distribute heat with low grid losses, and to supply heat for both space heating and domestic hot water to each type of building stokes [4]. Since the new/future DHS are intelligent grids, integrated into the smart energy system, they are equipped with smart heat meters able to provide high-quality data.