Pulsed electric field before Kobe and Izu earthquakes from Seismically-induced Anomalous Animal Behavior (SAAB)

摘要

Sea lions, hippopotamus and crocodiles in the Kobe-Oji Zoo were reported to have shown seismic anomalous animal behavior (SAAB) before the Kobe Earthquake. Crocodiles at the Izu-Atagawa Banana-Alligator Garden were observed to have cried before volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the Izu area. Critical electric field intensity which causes a field-avoidance behavior has been estimated for these animals and some reptiles. Behavioral responses to seismic electric pulse stimuli due to the emerged pulsed charges or electromagnetic waves were tentatively attributed to the cause of SAAB. Seismic field intensities prior to the Kobe Earthquake were estimated from the electric field effects and citizen's statements on SAAB are shown in a geographic map with the number of statements. The anecdotal reports of significant animal disturbances at the epicenter were entirely consistent with the electric field effects. An attempt was made to observe natural electric pulses prior to earthquakes with a digital storage oscilloscope conforming to geophysical theory, also at the time of lightning and by electric discharges. Some electric pulses were detected simultaneously occurring in a laboratory with startled movements of eels as well as with fighting and grooming of hamsters known as anomalous behavior caused by electric field effects.