Sensitivity of glochidial stages of freshwater mussels (bivalvia: unionidae) to copper

摘要

The sensitivity of glochidial stages of unionid mussels was evaluated in a series of exposures to aqueous copper. Glochidia held within marsupia of gravid Villosa iris (I. Lea, 1892) exhibited no observable effect following a 30-d copper exposure At levels up to 19.1 μg Cu/L. Similarly, transformation of encapsulated glochidia of Actinonaias pectorosa (Conrad, 1834), Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829), and V. iris to the juvenile stage was unaffected by 12- to 20-d copper exposures of largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede), at levels up to 200 μg Cu/L.