The U.S.National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI),which includes several government agencies (e.g.,the U.S.EPA,the National Science Foundation,the National Institutes of Health),supports research programs to investigate the fate,transport,and life cycle of nanoparticles in the environment and their potential toxicity to humans and the environment.In fiscal year 2004 (FY '04),3-5% of NNI's 849 million budget was targeted to research on nanoscale processes in the environment,as well as the environmental and social implications of nanotech-nologies.Environment and health issues are also a specific area for research in the FY '05 NNI budget.The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars estimates that out of a current budget of >
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