Electron Pulse Radiolysis Determination of Hydroxyl Radical Rate Constants with Suwannee River Fulvic Acid and Other Dissolved Organic Matter Isolates

摘要

Pulse radiolysis experiments were conducted on dissolved organic matter (DOM) samples isolated as hydrophobic and hydrophilic acids and neutrals from different sources (i.e., stream, lake, wastewater treatment plant). Absolute bimolecular reaction rate constants forthe reaction of hydroxyl radicals (~·OH) with DOM [k_(~·OH, DOM)) were determined. k_(~·OH, DOM) values are expressed as moles of carbon. Based on direct measurement of transient DOM radicals (DOM~·) and competition kinetic techniques, both using pulse radiolysis, the k_(~·OH, DOM) value for a standard fulvic acid from the Suwannee River purchased from the International Humic Substances Society was (1.60 ± 0.24) x 10~8 M~(-1) s~(-1). Both pulse radiolysis methods yielded comparable k_(~·OH, DOM) values. The k_(~·OH, DOM) values for the seven DOM isolates from different sources ranged from 1.39 x 10~8 M~(-1) s~(-1) to 4.53 x 10~8 M~(-1) s~(-1), and averaged 2.23 x 10~8 M~(-1) s~(-1) (equivalentto 1.9 x 10~4 (mgC/L)~(-1) s~(-1)). These values represent the first direct measurements of k_(~·OH, DOM), and they compare well with literature values obtained via competition kinetic techniques during ozone or ultraviolet irradiation experiments. More polar, lower-molecular-weight DOM isolates from wastewater have higher k_(~·OH, DOM) values. In addition, the formation (microsecond time scale) and decay (millisecond time scale) of DOM~· transients were observed for the first time. DOM~· from hydrophobic acids exhibited broader absorbance spectra than transphilic acids, while wastewater DOM isolates had narrower DOM~· spectra more skewed toward shorter wavelengths than did DOM~· spectra for hydrophobic acids.