Novel assessment method of heavy metal pollution in surface water: A case study of Yangping River in Lingbao City, China

摘要

The primary purpose of this research is to understand those elements that define heavy metals contamination and to propose a novel assessment method based on principal component analysis (PCA) in the Yangping River region of Lingbao City, China. This paper makes detailed calculations regarding such factors the single-factor assessment (P,) and Nemerow's multi-factor index (P_N) of heavy metals found in the surface water of the Yangping River. The maximum values of P_i (Cd) and P_i (Pb) were determined to be 892.000 and 113.800 respectively. The maximum value of P_N was calculated to be 639.836. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical duster analysis, and PCA indicated heavy metal groupings as follows: Cu, Pb, Zn and As, Hg, Cd. The PCA-based pollution index (P_(an)) of samplings was subsequently calculated. The relative coefficient square was valued at 0.996 between P_(an) and P_n, which indicated that P_(an) is able to serve as a new heavy metal pollution index; not only this index able to eliminate the influence of the maximum value of P_i, but further, this index contains the principal component elements needed to evaluate heavy metal pollution levels.