Demonstrating storage of CO_2 in geological reservoirs: The Sleipner and SACS projects

摘要

At the Sleipner gas field in the North Sea, CO_2 has been stripped from the produced natural gas and injected into a sand layer called the Utsira formation. Injection started in October 1996, to date nearly 8 million tonnes of CO_2 have been injected without any significant operational problems observed in the capture plant or in the injection well. The Sleipner project is the first commercial application of CO_2 storage in deep saline aquifers in the world. To monitor the injected CO_2, a separate project called the saline aquifer CO_2 storage (SACS) project was established in 1998. As part of the SACS project, 3D seismic surveying has been used to successfully monitor the CO_2 in the Utsira formation, an industry first. Repeat seismic surveys have successfully imaged movement of the injected CO_2 within the reservoir. Reservoir simulation tools have been successfully adapted to describe the migration of the CO_2 in the reservoir. The simulation packages have been calibrated against the repeat seismic surveys and shown themselves to be capable of replicating the position of the CO_2 in the reservoir. The possible reactions between minerals within the reservoir sand and the injected CO_2 have been studied by laboratory experiments and simulations. The cumulative experiences of the Sleipner and SACS projects will be embodied in a Best Practice Manual to assist other organisations planning CO_2 injection projects to take advantage of the learning processes undertaken and to assist in facilitating new projects of this type.