Coke formation in the fluid catalytic cracking process by combined analytical techniques

摘要

A combination of analytical techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), solid state ~13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and supercritical fluid extraction/ mass ~13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), were used to characterize the detailed composition and structure of coke formed on catalyst in the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process. By characterizing coke samples from a series of designed FCC experiments, the effects of conversion on coke composition were systematically studied. SFE is shown to be an effective technique for removing low molecular weight coke molecules from the catalyst.