Pinch analysis was first developed in the late 1970s as a technique for thermal heat recovery, in response to the first "oil shock". since then, it has evolved into a general methodology for opti- mization, based on the principles of process integration. It has been applied successfully not only to energy systems (ther- Mal heat recovery, pressure drop recovery, power generation), but also fresh water conservation, wastewater minimization, production capacity debottlenecking, and management of chemical species in complex Manufacturing processes.
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