When you first switch the power to certain AC loads (power transformers or motors for example) it can happen that the current inrush is so large that it takes out the equipment fuse or trips the motor protection circuit. The only way to get the equipment working again now is to replace the fuse or reset the trip device. An inrush-limiter circuit gets around the problem by momentarily switching a high power resistor in series with the load to limit the maximum inrush current. Once the surge subsides this series resistor is bypassed so that the load receives full AC line voltage.
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