Towards optical atomic clock and metrology with cold strontium atoms

摘要

Techniques of laser cooling and trapping of atoms and ions have opened new possibilities for measurements with ultimate accuracy. The almost full reduction of Doppler broadening and precision control over external degrees of freedom of atoms and ions enabled improvement of accuracy of time and frequency standards. It should be noted that present realizations of the standards of the second - the atomic fountain clocks can be realized only with cold atoms. Similarly, cold atoms and ions are at the heart of the optical atomic clocks, which open the way to the next generation of time and frequency standard (see review [1]). Optical clocks have