Optimal operation of a battery energy storage system: Trade-off between grid economics and storage health

摘要

The utilization of grid-scale energy storage is growing exponentially due its decreasing costs and added flexibility to providing numerous services. Among the currently available storage systems, batteries based on lithium-ion chemistries are poised to provide a significant share of such flexibility due to their high power and energy density, and relatively low cost per unit energy. However, research on such systems has been segregated into focus on its chemical properties, and focus on the grid integration separately. This paper proposes a data-driven framework to characterize battery energy storage systems embedded into a decision-making optimization model. The model embeds two mechanisms, variable C-rates and variable efficiencies, so that batteries may be scheduled at high-power (high C-rate) operations to capture additional grid revenues, only if economical against the cost of degradation effects. The framework is applied to stationary battery energy storage systems in retail markets in order to explore the improved energy arbitrage benefits. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.