Ground down

摘要

Friedrich ntetzsche's widely cited maxim-"that which does not kill him makes him stronger"-is often taken as truth. Yet as sensible as it might seem, the saying has rarely been tested. Psychologists have little idea whether unpleasant experiences really do increase resilience. A study just published in Psychological Science suggests they do exactly the opposite. In 1995 David Almeida, a psychologist at Pennsylvania State University, began an experiment involving 1,483 people.