THE Olaroz salt flat sits nearly 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) above sea level at the end of a road that snakes through the Andes mountains. The loudest sound in the featureless expanse is a mechanical one, made by untended pumps. They extract lithium-bearing brine from wells sunk deep below the salt crust and deposit it in evaporation pools. The concentrate will be taken to a nearby plant for processing into lithium carbonate. The operation in Argentina's Jujuy state, an Argentine-Australian-Japanese joint venture, is one of the country's two working lithium mines. Last year it produced 11,845 tonnes of lithium carbonate, about 6% of the world's output. This year Sales de Jujuy plans to make 17,500 tonnes.
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