Take a look around: Every single thing you see is made up of elements in the periodic table. Ever since scientists first cobbled together these catalogs of nature's building blocks in the 19th century, they have wondered if there was any end to the elements and their variants, called isotopes. It's a profound question at the heart of the physical universe. Nowadays, we have 118 elements on the books, distinguished by the number of protons in their nuclei. About two dozen of these elements, however, do not occur in nature. Over the years, physicists have conjured new, short-lived and typically supersized elements (as defined by their atomic number, or proton count) by smashing atomic nuclei together in particle accelerators. Hordes of interesting isotopes also have emerged from these colliders.
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