ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN TACTICAL ELEMENTS IN FOOTBALL COACHES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

摘要

Modern football is characterized by dynamism, high rhythm of the game and requires from the players exceptional physical preparation, good technique of movement, tactical maturity and mental stability. Tactics is designed to solve moving tasks in order to achieve the best possible sports results. By the term "element" we mean the and subjective factors that we take into account when compiling any tactical plan. The aim of this paper is to analyse the application of certain tactical elements in coaches in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The sample of respondents are UEFA-licensed football coaches from the Una-Sana Canton in BiH. Twenty-seven (N = 27) participated in the survey, of which with a UEFA PRO license (N = 2), with a UEFA A license (N = 10), with a UEFA B license (N = 7) and with a UEFA C license (N = 8). The sample was divided into three groups, the first group of trainers with Pro and A license, the second group with B and the third group with C license. The basic criterion of the sample is that the coach has one of the UEFA licenses, to work for at least 5 years as a coach of a team that competes in the competition system in BiH. The research was conducted through a survey consisting of 19 questions (13 questions related to game systems, player type preference, while 6 questions related to standard situations). The results. 63% of trainers base their training twice a week on tactics and solving tactical tasks. The most common game system they use in practice is 1: 4: 2: 3. It was found that 92.6% of coaches prefer offensive style of play with their teams, while 92.6% analyse the opponent during each game. It was noticed that 66.7% of respondents prefer a combined method of defence, then zone defence 25.9%, and individual only 7.4%! 70.4% of respondents agreed that they would like to have a lower striker in the team, but who has more dynamic movements and is quite mobile. The largest number of coaches (66.7%) differentiate between tactical preparation depending on playing at home or away, and this percentage is the highest for PRO and A licenses (91.7%) and the lowest percentage for coaches with a C license (37.5 %). 92.6% of surveyed coaches change their tactical ideas and adapt the team to weather conditions, field conditions, the influence of the audience, referees and others. Conclusion. We conclude that there are differences in the application of tactical knowledge, tactical elements and game systems between coaches with different degrees of acquired UEFA license. The identified differences may be the result of the level of acquired education and football education, but certainly also the acquired experience in practical playing and coaching work.