Identification of counterfeit medicines from the Internet and the World market using near-infrared spectroscopy

摘要

Pharmaceuticalcounterfeitingisalifethreateningproblemaffectingallcountries.CounterfeitmedicinesmaybeencounteredanywhereinconventionalmarketsorfromtheInternet.Thispaperproposesarapidandnon-destructivenear-infraredspectroscopicmethodfortheidentificationofcounterfeitmedicinesusingtheminimumnumberofauthenticsamples.Aslittleastwentyspectrafromtentabletsfromabatcharerequiredtocompareatestsampletoitsauthenticcounterpart.Inthisrespect,tabletsaremeasuredasreceivedandthecorrelationcoefficientoftheSNV-D2spectrabetweentheauthenticsampleandthetestsampleisdetermined.Acorrelationcoefficientoflowerthan0.95indicatesthatthebatchfailsidentification.Inthiscase,ifenoughauthenticsamplesareavailable,principalcomponentanalysis(PCA)couldbeapplied.ThePCAscoresplotoftheauthenticandcounterfeitsampleswiththe95%equalfrequencyellipsesdrawnaroundtheauthenticsamplesetiseffectiveinidentifyingcounterfeits.Themethodcouldidentify82knowncounterfeitmedicinesoutof201medicinessuppliedfromtheInternetandtheWorldmarket.However,itisstillacomparativemethodtoidentifypotentialcounterfeitsandcannotidentifyproductswithoutauthenticsamples...