Roll-to-Roll Processes for the Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells under Ambient Conditions

摘要

Recent progress in the engineering and fabrication optimization of hybridperovskite solar cells (PSCs) has led to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of upto 25.2%. The properties of perovskite solutions enable low-temperature, scalablecoating methods that are compatible with the roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication process.Despite this, there is still a significant lag in efficiency in large-area devicesfabricated using the R2R process, which achieves PCEs of 50% of the recordvalue. Direct translation of research results to large-scale commercially acceptablelevels is crucial for commercialization, along with long-term durability andprocessing reproducibility of the different device layers. Herein, the recentprogress of several coating and R2R processes for the formation of PSC layers,detailing the key variables involved in the process, with an emphasis on thenucleation and crystallization of the perovskite film, is considered. The barriersand challenges in producing high-quality perovskite films and improving thestability of devices are discussed. In addition, stability protocols for PSCs arediscussed as they are key to unifying PSC stability and performance assessment,which is required to gain a better understanding of the different compounds andlayers used in cell fabrication and the approaches necessary for theiroptimization.