Analysis on the Mental Mechanism Underlying the Sacrificial Rite to Sea Deities—Taking Haiyangsuo Town of Rushan City in Jiaodong Peninsula for Example

摘要

胶东沿海地区祭祀海神的历史久远且不可详考，基于古人对大海的敬畏与崇拜，境内遍布龙王庙、天后娘娘庙、仙姑庙，以祈求风调雨顺、保佑渔民出海平安归来。而流传至今的祭海仪式，则是沿海渔民基于海神信仰的心理感知与行为实践的最佳诠释。本文选取胶东地区—乳山海阳所海神祭祀仪式作为研究的切入点，通过现场观察法和对4位受访者的深度访谈并利用NVivo11质性分析软件对其海神祭祀仪式中的心理感知与行为展开分析。研究表明，胶东沿海的海神祭祀仪式是当地渔民对大海敬畏与崇拜的价值表达以及祈求出海平安和丰收的功利主义双重心理驱动的结果，而基于此心理驱动的海神祭祀仪式行为已经固化为具有鲜明地域色彩的海神信仰文化，并随着时代的进步而得到不断的丰富和发展。对胶东沿海祭海仪式的探究并了解其内在的心理驱动机制，有利于沿海地区海神祭祀仪式的传承并丰富海神信仰的文化内涵，更好地推动沿海渔民产业和文化的健康发展。 Offering sacrifices to Sea Deities in the coastal area of Jiaodong Peninsula has a long history and cannot be examined in detail, but Shrine of the Dragon King, Shrine of the Goddess Mazu and Shrine of the Fairy were built in every community to pray for favorable weather and the safety of fishermen by ancestors who respected and revered the sea. The sacrifice rite to Sea Deities, which has been handed down so far, is the best reflection of the psychological perception and behavior of fishermen based on their worship of Sea Deities. In this paper, the sacrificial rite to Sea Deities in Haiyangsuo Town of Rushan City was taken as an example to analyze the psychological perception and behavior behind the sacrifice rite through observation and depth interviews with NVivo11 qualitative analysis software. It shows that the appearance of the sacrifice rite to Sea Deities there is driven by both local fishermen’s worship on the sea and their praying for peace and a bumper harvest. As time goes by, the sacrificial rite has evolved into a belief culture with distinct regional characteristics, which has been continuously enriched and developed. The exploration and understanding of the psychological driving mechanism behind the sacrificial rite to Sea Deities in the coastal area of Jiaodong Peninsula is conducive to the inheritance of it and the enrichment of cultural connotation of the worship of Sea Deities, so as to promote the healthy development of coastal fisheries and the culture.