The Structure of Attribution of College Students’ Exam Failure and the Preparation of Questionnaire

摘要

随着教育部“高校改革”相关政策的出台，大学生的考试压力逐渐增大，考试失败成为社会各界关注的重点问题。本研究以维纳的归因理论为理论基础，综合以往研究、访谈结果，编制大学生考试失败归因问卷。对来自全国的114名大学生进行预测，478名大学生进行正式施测以及50名大学生进行重测。研究结果显示：(1) 编制的《大学生考试失败归因问卷》包括能力、努力、身心状况和外部因素四个维度，可以解释方差总变异的50.909%；(2) 各类信度、效度检验均显示编制的问卷具有良好的信效度指标；(3) 该问卷可以为继续探讨大学生考试失败归因特点及影响因素等提供依据与基础。 With the implementation of the “university reform” policy by the Ministry of Education, the pressure of college students in examination is increasing gradually, and the failure of the examination has become the key problem concerned by the whole society. Based on Wiener’s attribution theory, this study synthesizes the results of previous studies and interviews to compile the attribution questionnaire for college students’ exam failure. Predictions were made for 114 college students from across the country; 478 were formally tested; and 50 were retested. The results showed that: (1) the attribution questionnaire for college students’ exam failure was composed of four dimensions: ability, effort, physical and mental state and external factors, which could explain 50.909% of the total variance variation; (2) all kinds of reliability and validity tests show that the prepared questionnaire has good reliability and validity indicators; (3) it can provide basis for continuing to discuss the attributional characteristics and influencing factors of college students’ exam failure.