Situational Factors That Influence Divergent Thinking

摘要

发散性思维是创造力的重要组成部分。因其清晰明确的界定以及测量的便捷性，所以研究者常常通过测量发散性思维来测量创造力。本文介绍发散性思维的概念界定及三个维度，并说明传统的发散性思维的测量十分费时费力。本文重点阐述了影响发散性思维的情境因素。情境因素指状态性的而非特质性的变量，主要包括外部的情境(物理环境、社会环境)和内部的情境(身体状态、情绪状态、认知角度)等。本文强调应该关注影响创造力的情境变量，以此通过人为干预在短时间内激发个体的创造力。本文也指出，未来发散性思维测量的评分方法，或许可以借助计算机自动处理，以推动该领域的发展。 Divergent thinking is an important part of creativity. Because of the clear definition and easy measurement, researchers often evaluate creativity by measuring divergent thinking. This paper introduces the definition and three dimensions of divergent thinking, and shows that the tradi-tional measurement of divergent thinking is time-consuming and laborious. This paper focuses on the situational (state) factors that influence divergent thinking. Situational factors refer to state rather than trait variables. It mainly includes external situations (physical environment, social environment) and internal situations (physical state, emotional state, cognitive perspective). This paper emphasizes that attention should be paid to the situational (state) variables that affect creativity so as to stimulate individual creativity in a short period of time through human inter-vention. The present paper also claimed that we could use computers to evaluate the divergent thinking automatically, which will promote the development of this field.