Humanity has experienced 5 food transitions since the use of fire. Today it is at the turning point between the agro-industrial period and a new model in gestation: Territorialized food systems, based on total product quality, agro-ecology, proximity and combination of resources, with a sustainable development objective. New food policies are essential to radically change the dominant mode of governance and to make the fifth food transition a success. A long history is needed to understand the present and imagine the future. This history is marked by milestones that can be described as breaks or transitions, depending on how the change is perceived. Physicists define transition as the passage from one state to another (e.g. solid water, then liquid, then gas). The history of food, which merges with human history, is punctuated by such transitions. After a brief presentation of the historical trajectories, this article presents a diagnosis of the contemporary food system will be made, followed by a prospective study of three scenarios.
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