Introduction In the course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cardiomyocyte injury, activation and destruction of endothelial cells together with inflammation lead to miRNA expression alterations. Aim To assess levels of circulating cardiac-specific (miR-1) and endothelial-specific (miR-126) miRNAs in the acute phase of AMI and after a?follow-up period. Material and methods Seventeen AMI patients (mean age: 64.24 ±13.83 years, mean left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF): 42.6 ±9.65%), treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention within the first 12 h, had plasma miRNAs isolated (quantitative real-time PCR, Exiqon) on admission and after 19.2 ±5.9 weeks. Measurements were also performed in a?control group of healthy volunteers matched for age and sex. Results Concentrations of both miRNAs were significantly higher in AMI patients as compared to healthy controls: miR-1: 5.93 (3.15–14.92) vs. 1.46 (0.06–2.96), p = 0.04; miR-126: 4.5 (3.11–7.64) vs. 0.54 (0.36–0.99), p = 0.00003, respectively. Levels of both miRNAs significantly decreased after the follow-up period: miR-1: 5.93 (3.15–14.92) vs. 1.34 (0.04–2.34), p = 0.002; miR-126: 4.5 (3.11–7.64) vs. 1.18 (0.49–1.68), p = 0.0005). Moreover, miR-1 correlated positively with maximal troponin I?concentration (r = 0.59, p = 0.02) and negatively with LVEF (r = –0.76, p = 0.0004). Conclusions In our study, miR-1 emerged as a?marker of cardiomyocyte injury and loss of myocardial contractility, whereas dynamics of miR-126 concentration may reflect endothelial activation and damage in the most extreme stage of atherosclerosis, followed by angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium. However, to fully elucidate the role of miR-1 and miR-126 as biomarkers of AMI and future therapeutic targets, further research is required.
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