Agroecological justification of winter wheat fertilization systems in the south-west of the Central Black-soil region

摘要

Under the conditions of the south-western part of the Central Black-soil region in the grain-and-plant crop rotation on the black-soil the typical maximum yield of winter wheat was 5.52 t/ha when using the organic-mineral fertilizer system as part of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N60P60K60 and manure in the dose of 40 t/ha according to the third level of plant protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide insecticide growth substances) with maximum payback of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers with grain harvest increase – 15.5 kg. Yield increase at the 1st level of plant protection (seed etching) was 1.86 t/ha (68.1%), at the 2nd level of protection (seed etching of herbicide fungicide) – 2.55 t/ha (93.4%) and at the 3rd level of protection – 2.79 t/ha (102.2%). The highest increase from pesticides was 0.69 and 0.93 t/ha (15.0 and 20.3%), respectively. The use of such a fertilizer system is justified, in which the energy coefficient was 1.03 and 1.05. The design of an organic fertilizer system using manure does not meet the requirements of bioenergy efficiency at all levels of plant protection (Кee = 0.79-0.87).