Treatment of Two Recalcitrant Neonicotinoid Insecticided (Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam) from the Surface Water Near Agricultural Lands using Forward Osmosis (FO) and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO)

摘要

Two neonicotinoid insecticides namely Imidacloprid 1‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridmyl)methyl]‐N‐mtro‐2‐imidazolidinimine) (IMD) and Thiamethoxam (3-(2-Chloro-5-thiazolylmethyl) tetrahydro-5-methyl-N-nitro-4H-1,3,5-oxadiazin-4-imine) (THM) were identified from a surface water near two agricultural lands in the Agean Region ?n ?zmir Turkey. A forward osmosis (FO) containing a flat sheet aquaporin membrane, was used as a membrane treatment process to treat the neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam) while the effluents of FO was compared by using a PRO process having a hollow fiber aquaporin membrane. THM exhibited higher yields in FO and PRO membranes than that IMD since TMH HAS has high water solubility and low octanol/water partitions compared to IMD. This neonicotinoid insecticide exhibited high rejection and removal efficiency in PRO due to it’s low fouling property and low ICP effect. This CAN BE ATTR?BUTED the smaller pore size of the PRO membrane compared to the FO membrane the identified IMD metabolites were olefinic acid, 4-OH imidacloprid, 5-OH imidacloprid and 2-OH imidacloprid while the identified THM metabolites were Desmethyl- Thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam; TMX-dm, desmethyl-thiamethoxam and tri-methyltriazinone.