Progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

摘要

Highlights Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is one of the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. Due to too many factors related to gastrointestinal stromal tumors, there is no uniform prognostic standard. From the perspective of molecular biology, the author summarizes the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. To provide normative ideas for clinical treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a type of tumor that originates from the mesenchymal tissue of the digestive tract and accounts for most interstitial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Present studies demonstrate that GIST is mainly driven by a mutated c-KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha gene. Histologically, GIST is usually composed of spindle cells, epithelioid cells, or pleomorphic cells in a bundle or diffuse pattern. GIST cells are generally immunohistochemically positive for CD34, CD117, or DOG-1 expression. GIST is similar to interstitial cells of Cajal around the myenteric plexus of the gastrointestinal tract, and both have a positive c-KIT gene, CD117, and CD34 expression. At present, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance and other means are the primary means to diagnosis GIST. At the same time, for unidentified GIST, biopsy is also a necessary means of examination. However, for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, oral Gleevec and surgery are present primary treatment methods, which is still limited. However, not all patients are suitable for Gleevec. For some gene mutated sites, Gleevec treatment is ineffective. With the increase of cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, targeted therapies for GISTs with different gene loci mutations are urgently needed.