All children surviving and thriving: re-envisioning UNICEF's conceptual framework of malnutrition

摘要

Building on the successes of child survival over thepast three decades, including a 56% reduction in childmortality,1 we are proposing a revision to UNICEF’sconceptual framework of malnutrition and death. Theframework, developed in 1990, was innovative andhighlighted not only the dual roles of inadequate dietaryintake and disease as direct causes of malnutrition, butalso that the intermediate and underlying causes ofmalnutrition are multisectoral and extended to human,economic, and organisational resources, influenced byglobal, national, or local political and ideological factorsand economic structure.2 Over the past 25–30 years,the framework has been revised to reflect advances inknowledge and priorities in child health and nutrition.3As a result, it has served as a catalyst for policies,programmes, and research that have advanced healthand nutritional practices worldwide, contributing tothe child survival successes and substantially reducedprevalence of childhood underweight, wasting, andstunting.