Images in Practice: Replacement of an 18-Year-Old Spinal Cord Stimulator Paddle Lead with Cylindrical Leads Under Direct Visualization

摘要

Traditionally, spinal cord neuromodulationincluded paddle lead placement; however,recent technological innovations have led toless invasive techniques [1, 2]. There is debateon how to proceed with treatment in patientswith previous paddle lead spinal cord stimulation(SCS) who are no longer reporting adequatepain relief, thought to be due to extensive scartissue that can form over the paddle.