BACKGROUND: During the past few decades, the number of participants in high school cross-country has increased. Simultaneously with its popularity has been an increased incidence of running-related injury (RRI). Limited risk factors have been examined in their relationship to RRI in this population. Of these, few studies have reported on the prevalence of sport specialization and its association with RRI among competitive high school cross-country runners. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of sport specialization and examine its risk association with RRI in competitive high school cross-country runners. METHODS: We prospectively followed 93 runners (35 females, 15.7±1.1y) who competed in the 2018 interscholastic cross-country season in Southern California. At baseline, all runners were injury-free and completed the study questionnaire, which included questions on whether cross-country was their primary sport, the number of months/year spent running-related training, and if they quit another sport(s) to focus on cross-country/track distance running during the past year. High (all 3 factors), moderate (2 of 3 factors) and low (0 or 1 factors) sport specialization was then determined using a widely-utilized scale. Injury occurrence data for all runners was recorded throughout the cross-country season using a standardized injury reporting system. Odds Ratio (OR) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine the association between sport specialization and likelihood of RRI. RESULTS: Of the 93 runners, 15 (16.1%) met criteria for high sport specialization, 49 (52.7%) were classified as moderately specialized, and 29 (31.2%) runners were classified as low sport specializers. The prevalence of high sport specialization was similar between female (17.1%) and male (15.5%) runners (p=0.38). Twenty-six runners (28%) experienced a time loss RRI, with a higher percentage among female runners (37.1%) than males (22.4%) (p=0.16). Although the incidence of injury was greater among high sport specializers (40.0%) than low sport specializers (24.1%), the likelihood of RRI was not statistically significant (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 0.6-8.0; p=0.28). Similar risk associations between high sport specialization and RRI were found between female and male runners. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the existing classification method for sport specialization, these findings indicated that high sports specialization was not common among competitive high school cross-country runners in this study sample. As the incidence of RRI was almost twice as great among high sport specializers, studies assessing larger populations of high school cross-country runners are needed to better evaluate this relationship.
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机译：背景：在过去几十年中，高中越野的参与者人数增加了。同时其受欢迎程度一直是伴随着犯罪损伤的发病率（RRI）。在这一人口中的rri的关系中已经检查了有限的风险因素。其中，少数研究报告了体育专业化的普遍性及其与竞争高中越野跑步者中rri的关联。目的：本研究的目的是评估体育专业化的普遍存在，并在竞争高中越野跑步者中审查其与RRI的风险协会。方法：我们展示了93名赛道（35名女性，15.7±1.1Y），他在2018年南加州赛季竞争。在基线时，所有跑步者都遭受伤害并完成了研究问卷，其中包括关于越野是初级运动的问题，几个月/年度与竞争相关的培训，以及他们退出另一项运动焦点过去一年中的越野/轨道距离。然后使用广泛利用的规模确定高（3个因素），中等（3个因素的2个因素）和低（0或1个因素）运动专业化。使用标准化伤害报告系统，在整个跨乡间季节记录所有跑步者的伤害发生数据。赔率比（或）估计和95％的置信区间（CIS）用于确定体育专业化与RRI的可能性之间的关联。结果：93名赛道，15名（16.1％）的高运动专业资料标准，49名（52.7％）分类为中度专业化，29名（31.2％）跑步者被归类为低运动专辑。高运动专业化的患病率在女性（17.1％）和男性（15.5％）跑步（P = 0.38）之间相似。二十六名赛跑者（28％）经历了一个时间损失RRI，女性跑步者的比例较高（37.1％），而不是男性（22.4％）（P = 0.16）。虽然高运动专业人员（40.0％）损伤发生率大于低运动校长（24.1％），rRI的可能性在统计学上没有统计学意义（或= 2.10,95％CI：0.6-8.0; p = 0.28）。在女性和男性跑步者之间发现了高运动专业化与RRI之间的类似风险协会。结论：基于现有的体育专业分类方法，这些调查结果表明，这项研究样本中的竞技高中越野跑步者的高级体育专业化并不常见。由于RRI的发病率几乎是高运动专辑中的两倍，因此需要研究更大的高中越野跑步者群体，以便更好地评估这种关系。
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