Clinical characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of atypical hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome: A case series

摘要

Rationale: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome is a serious and rare disease, which is secondary to preeclampsia in most cases. Hypertension is usually considered as a premonitory symptom of HELLP syndrome. In some patients with HELLP syndrome; however, they develop hypertension very late, even after liver enzymes are elevated or platelet count is decreased. This condition is known as atypical HELLP syndrome. Patient concerns: We screened and identified 4 cases of atypical HELLP syndrome in our hospital database from January 2007 to December 2018. All patients had a history of nonspecific symptoms for a few days before hospital admission, such as dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. They developed hypertension after abnormalities were noted in liver enzymes and platelet count. Diagnoses: They were diagnosed with atypical HELLP syndrome. Interventions: These patients received same treatments as those with HELLP syndrome. Two patients took oral antihypertensive treatment to normalize the blood pressure. Outcomes: In our patients, both mothers and neonates had favorable outcomes. In follow-ups, they reported no incidences of high blood pressure after recovery from atypical HELLP syndrome. Lessons: These cases provided additional clinical evidences of atypical HELLP syndrome. The incidence of atypical HELLP syndrome is extremely low. Hypertension is not essential for the diagnosis of HELLP syndrome, and can even appear after the onset of laboratory abnormalities. Advanced age, multiple pregnancies, hepatitis B virus infection, and obesity may be potential risk factors for atypical HELLP syndrome. Blood pressure should be monitored closely after delivery.