New polymeric molluscicide-attractant (niclosamide- l-glutamate) for control of Biomphalaria alexandrina

摘要

Controlled-release technology was introduced to offer an incredible guarantee for improving the adequacy of the existing active molecules and solving the related environmental troubles. Our study attempts to utilize the controlled release of alginate niclosamide-l-glutamate formulation to controlSchistosoma mansoniintermediate host (Biomphalaria alexandrinasnail) and to evaluate the amount of niclosamide released in relation to its attraction and mortality rate. Results: polymeric formulations B3-4bat a concentration of 0.3?ppm niclosamide in combination with 75%l-glutamate caused 100% mortality ofB.alexandrinasnails 5-day post-exposure. Stable snails mortality rates were obtained post-exposure to polymer B3-4a(R2?=?0.9823). The high potential of the polymeric formulations B3-4a(0.2?ppm niclosamide and 75%l-glutamate) to attract snail toward polymer direction was manifested by 80%, 14%, 6% and 0% snail in areas (I), (II), (III) and (IV), respectively 24-hr post-exposure. While, B3-4ashowed a high mortality rate of attracted snails resembled by 40% and 100% on the 2ndand 7thdays, respectively. The modified structure of polymer-niclosamide-l-glutamate prolonged the validity and efficiency of the niclosamide. Slowly released molluscicide was effective at lower concentrations with increasing concentrations of the applied attractant that could reduce its toxicity to the water ecosystem.