Does spontaneous renal hemorrhage mandate close surveillance for impending renal cell carcinoma? A case report and literature review

摘要

Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) classically presents as a triad of hematuria, loin pain, and a palpable mass. However, Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) nowadays are more commonly present as incidental findings rather than symptomatic. Wunderlich syndrome is a rare first presentation of RCC. Presentation of case We present a clinical case of spontaneous renal hemorrhage with unclear etiology that was treated with therapeutic embolization and was found to have renal mass after long follow up. Discussion and conclusion In regards to treating Wunderlich syndrome, some authors favor angioembolization and follow up. Others proposed radical nephrectomy in conditions with no apparent etiology and normal contralateral kidney because of the high incidence of small renal tumors. Spontaneous perinephric hematoma of unknown etiology should be followed up regularly with a CT image for concerning of impending renal tumor.