Heart regeneration is regulates by key micro RNAs from fish to mammals: what it can learned about the epicardial cells activation during the regeneration in zebrafish

摘要

Zebrafish could be an interesting translational model tounderstand and improve the post-infarction trial andpossible regeneration in mammals. The regenerativecapacity in mammalian heart is maintained partially inneonatal life1 because are still switch-on somephylogenetic-conserved genes; while in adult, it seems toconfined in replacing by a few of cardiomyocytes (CM)and by a large amount of fibroblasts2,3. In contrast, naturalcardiac regeneration appears to be excellent in fish afteran injury. In zebrafish, the cardiac environment created bycardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and non-muscle cells afterinjury is believed to be critical in facilitating the regenerative response4. The epicardium-derived cells and theconsequent epicardial cells (EPCs) are essential regulatorssince they respond to FGFs in both embryogenesis andregeneration processes. EPCs undergo to number of cellular modifications5,6 that is required to silenced by miRsthat controlled the differentiation of the cells. Thisdownregulation is a necessary event to activate the transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cells, such ascytoskeletal re-arrange and expression of hyaluronanmediated motility receptor, necessaries to move in thedamage site7,8. In the heart several molecules are involvedin the protein synthesis regulation9 where the miRs have aupstream actions. MiR1 and miR133 (a and b) areinvolved in the activation of fibroblasts in producingFGFs10,11, as well as the hypertrophic response of epithelial and muscular cells after injury, to compensate forthe loss-of-contractile tissue in mammals, as well as inzebrafish9,12–14.