High-Efficiency Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: The Chemistry of Tin (Ⅱ) Compounds and Their Interaction with Lewis Base Additives during Perovskite Film Formation

摘要

Lead (Pb)-based perovskite solar cells (Pb-PSCs) have been recorded with afascinating power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5%. However, the presenceof toxic Pb in the perovskite absorber material hinders the commercial aspects ofPb-PSCs as a promising and efficient new generation of solar cells. Fortunately,theoretical calculations have predicted that tin (Sn)-based perovskite solar cells(Sn-PSCs) could have superior performance comparable to the Pb-PSCs.Recently, many approaches have been reported for developing efficient Sn-PSCsbut yet they have shown the best PCE of 13.24%. This low PCE compared to Pb-PSCs might be because Sn-PSCs have been approached in the same way as Pb-PSCs. However, from a chemistry viewpoint, the understanding of Sn-PSCsmight be very different from that of Pb-based ones. Herein, the fundamentalknowledge of the chemistry and coordination chemistry of SnII compounds andtheir structural properties is described. Then, an insight is provided intounderstanding the recent trends of Sn perovskite formation using various Lewisbase additives in the precursor solution and incorporation as a cation in theperovskite lattice. Finally, the influence of utilizing Lewis base additives on thedevice dynamics is discussed.