Extending Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks by Management of Spare Nodes

摘要

Extending lifetime ofwireless sensor networks (WSNs)is one of the most critical issues in WSNs. Lifetime limitations are caused by limited energy resources. Significant extensions of WSN lifetime can be achieved by adding spare nodes. Thesparesare ready to be switched on when anyprimary(original) WSN node uses up its energy. We propose theLEACH-SM protocol, which modifies the prominent Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol by providing an optimal spare selection and energy-saving management of spares. We also provide a method for estimating WSN lifetime, which has a critical importance for planning WSN applications. The salient features of LEACH-SM include parallelism in running its component protocols, scalability, and reduced transmission of redundant data to cluster heads (collecting information from sensor nodes).