Evaluation of the level of human impact on the river sediments in Russia

摘要

The growing race of urbanization and population growth lead to anthropogenic load on the water is increasing all the time. High population density and considerable industrial potential of the urbanized territory are becoming dominant sources of pollution of water bodies. This trend identifies progressive pollution of water bodies and the growing need for sanitary-ecological status of water control facilities. Natural chemical composition and properties of water in surface water bodies are formed depending on the hydrological, soil, climate and other features. Flowinduced suspensions in urban watercourses is one of the main ways of contamination distribution in urbanized areas. For monitoring and reducing the negative impacts on the water quality of watercourses requires estimation of anthropogenic pressures and studying its spatio-temporal variability. Analysis of anthropogenic stress on water objects allows you to set the relationship between the number of coming in the water body of pollutants and concentrations of chemicals in the water. The main aim is to determine the amounts of contaminants accumulated in the river riverbed during the period of the economic utilization of the watercourse and to assess the impact of urbanization on its ecological status. The article deals with the influence of anthropogenous load on river hydraulics and properties of channel sediments that determine the course of channel processes and overall ecological condition of water objects. The interrelation between water body condition, water quality and sediment pollution is presented. Method of estimation of anthropogenous load pollutants in river of urban area sis proposed. Comparative analysis of the load for the rivers of Russia with various water run-off is demonstrated.