Invasive Non-Aspergillus Mold Infections in Transplant Recipients, United States, 2001–2006

摘要

Recent reports describe increasing incidence of non-Aspergillus mold infections in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. To in-vestigate the epidemiology of infections with Mucorales, Fusarium spp., and Scedosporium spp. molds, we ana-lyzed data from the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveil-lance Network, 23 transplant centers that conducted pro-spective surveillance for invasive fungal infections during 2001–2006. We identifi ed 169 infections (105 Mucorales, 37 Fusarium spp., and 27 Scedosporium spp.) in 169 pa-tients; 124 (73.4%) were in HCT recipients, and 45 (26.6%) were in SOT recipients. The crude 90-day mortality rate was 56.6%. The 12-month mucormycosis cumulative incidence was 0.29% for HCT and 0.07% for SOT. Mucormycosis in-cidence among HCT recipients varied widely, from 0.08% to 0.69%, with higher incidence in cohorts receiving trans-plants during 2003 and 2004. Non-Aspergillus mold infec-tions continue to be associated with high mortality rates. The incidence of mucormycosis in HCT recipients increased substantially during the surveillance period