System size, collision energy, and rapidity dependence of collective dynamics measured by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC

摘要

In high energy collisions, partons produced in the initial stage undergo multiple interactions and yield a collective motion as a whole. Recently, several questions have risen including how small the system can be for producing the collectivity, and how far in rapidity the collectivity extends. PHENIX has measured the particle flow in p + Au, d + Au, and~(3)He + Au collisions over several energies as well as over wider rapidity range. In this work, we summarize our results on the particle flow and discuss the implications for collectivity in small collision systems.