Does Glaucoma Alter Eye Movements When Viewing Images of Natural Scenes? A Between-Eye Study

Daniel S. Asfaw; Pete R. Jones; Vera M. M?nter; Nicholas D. Smith; David P. Crabb

摘要

Purpose : To investigate whether glaucoma produces measurable changes in eye movements. Methods : Fifteen glaucoma patients with asymmetric vision loss (difference in mean deviation [MD] 6 dB between eyes) were asked to monocularly view 120 images of natural scenes, presented sequentially on a computer monitor. Each image was viewed twice—once each with the better and worse eye. Patients' eye movements were recorded with an Eyelink 1000 eye-tracker. Eye-movement parameters were computed and compared within participants (better eye versus worse eye). These parameters included a novel measure: saccadic reversal rate (SRR), as well as more traditional metrics such as saccade amplitude, fixation counts, fixation duration, and spread of fixation locations (bivariate contour ellipse area [BCEA]). In addition, the associations of these parameters with clinical measures of vision were investigated. Results : In the worse eye, saccade amplitude Display Formula (defupalpha{unicode[Times]{x3B1}})(defupbeta{unicode[Times]{x3B2}})(defupgamma{unicode[Times]{x3B3}})(defupdelta{unicode[Times]{x3B4}})(defupvarepsilon{unicode[Times]{x3B5}})(defupzeta{unicode[Times]{x3B6}})(defupeta{unicode[Times]{x3B7}})(defuptheta{unicode[Times]{x3B8}})(defupiota{unicode[Times]{x3B9}})(defupkappa{unicode[Times]{x3BA}})(defuplambda{unicode[Times]{x3BB}})(defupmu{unicode[Times]{x3BC}})(defupnu{unicode[Times]{x3BD}})(defupxi{unicode[Times]{x3BE}})(defupomicron{unicode[Times]{x3BF}})(defuppi{unicode[Times]{x3C0}})(defuprho{unicode[Times]{x3C1}})(defupsigma{unicode[Times]{x3C3}})(defuptau{unicode[Times]{x3C4}})(defupupsilon{unicode[Times]{x3C5}})(defupphi{unicode[Times]{x3C6}})(defupchi{unicode[Times]{x3C7}})(defuppsy{unicode[Times]{x3C8}})(defupomega{unicode[Times]{x3C9}})(defialpha{oldsymbol{lpha}})(defibeta{oldsymbol{eta}})(defigamma{oldsymbol{gamma}})(defidelta{oldsymbol{delta}})(defivarepsilon{oldsymbol{arepsilon}})(defizeta{oldsymbol{zeta}})(defieta{oldsymbol{eta}})(defitheta{oldsymbol{heta}})(defiiota{oldsymbol{iota}})(defikappa{oldsymbol{kappa}})(defilambda{oldsymbol{lambda}})(defimu{oldsymbol{mu}})(definu{oldsymbol{u}})(defixi{oldsymbol{xi}})(defiomicron{oldsymbol{micron}})(defipi{oldsymbol{pi}})(defirho{oldsymbol{ho}})(defisigma{oldsymbol{sigma}})(defitau{oldsymbol{au}})(defiupsilon{oldsymbol{upsilon}})(defiphi{oldsymbol{phi}})(defichi{oldsymbol{chi}})(defipsy{oldsymbol{psy}})(defiomega{oldsymbol{omega}})(defupalpha{unicode[Times]{x1D6C2}})(defupbeta{unicode[Times]{x1D6C3}})(defupgamma{unicode[Times]{x1D6C4}})(defupdelta{unicode[Times]{x1D6C5}})(defupepsilon{unicode[Times]{x1D6C6}})(defupvarepsilon{unicode[Times]{x1D6DC}})(defupzeta{unicode[Times]{x1D6C7}})(defupeta{unicode[Times]{x1D6C8}})(defuptheta{unicode[Times]{x1D6C9}})(defupiota{unicode[Times]{x1D6CA}})(defupkappa{unicode[Times]{x1D6CB}})(defuplambda{unicode[Times]{x1D6CC}})(defupmu{unicode[Times]{x1D6CD}})(defupnu{unicode[Times]{x1D6CE}})(defupxi{unicode[Times]{x1D6CF}})(defupomicron{unicode[Times]{x1D6D0}})(defuppi{unicode[Times]{x1D6D1}})(defuprho{unicode[Times]{x1D6D2}})(defupsigma{unicode[Times]{x1D6D4}})(defuptau{unicode[Times]{x1D6D5}})(defupupsilon{unicode[Times]{x1D6D6}})(defupphi{unicode[Times]{x1D6D7}})(defupchi{unicode[Times]{x1D6D8}})(defuppsy{unicode[Times]{x1D6D9}})(defupomega{unicode[Times]{x1D6DA}})(defupvartheta{unicode[Times]{x1D6DD}})(defGamma{f{Gamma}})(defDelta{f{Delta}})(defTheta{f{Theta}})(defLambda{f{Lambda}})(defXi{f{Xi}})(defPi{f{Pi}})(defSigma{f{Sigma}})(defUpsilon{f{Upsilon}})(defPhi{f{Phi}})(defPsi{f{Psi}})(defOmega{f{Omega}})(defiGamma{unicode[Times]{x1D6E4}})(defiDelta{unicode[Times]{x1D6E5}})(defiTheta{unicode[Times]{x1D6E9}})(defiLambda{unicode[Times]{x1D6EC}})(defiXi{unicode[Times]{x1D6EF}})(defiPi{unicode[Times]{x1D6F1}})(defiSigma{unicode[Times]{x1D6F4}})(defiUpsilon{unicode[Times]{x1D6F6}})(defiPhi{unicode[Times]{x1D6F7}})(defiPsi{unicode[Times]{x1D6F9}})(defiOmega{unicode[Times]{x1D6FA}})(defiGamma{unicode[Times]{x1D71E}})(defiDelta{unicode[Times]{x1D71F}})(defiTheta{unicode[Times]{x1D723}})(defiLambda{unicode[Times]{x1D726}})(defiXi{unicode[Times]{x1D729}})(defiPi{unicode[Times]{x1D72B}})(defiSigma{unicode[Times]{x1D72E}})(defiUpsilon{unicode[Times]{x1D730}})(defiPhi{unicode[Times]{x1D731}})(defiPsi{unicode[Times]{x1D733}})(defiOmega{unicode[Times]{x1D734}})((P

机译：目的：研究青光眼是否在眼球运动中产生可测量的变化。方法：要求15例视力不对称（两眼之间的平均偏差[MD]差异> 6 dB）的青光眼患者单眼观看120张自然场景的图像，并在计算机监视器上依次显示。每个图像都被查看了两次-每次都有更好和更差的眼睛。使用Eyelink 1000眼动仪记录患者的眼球运动。计算参与者的眼球运动参数并进行比较（更好的眼睛还是更糟的眼睛）。这些参数包括一种新颖的测量方法：眼跳逆转率（SRR），以及更传统的指标，例如扫视幅度，注视次数，注视持续时间和注视位置的分布（双变量轮廓椭圆面积[BCEA]）。此外，还研究了这些参数与视力临床测量之间的关系。结果：在较差的眼睛中，扫视幅度显示公式（ def upalpha { unicode [Times] {x3B1}} ）（ def upbeta { unicode [Times] {x3B2}} ）（ def upgamma { unicode [Times] {x3B3}} ）（ def updelta { unicode [Times] {x3B4}} ）（ def upvarepsilon { unicode [Times] {x3B5}} ）（ def upzeta { unicode [Times] {x3B6}} ）（ def upeta { unicode [Times] {x3B7}}} ）（ def uptheta { unicode [Times] { x3B8}} ）（ def upiota { unicode [Times] {x3B9}} ）（ def upkappa { unicode [Times] {x3BA}} ）（ def uplambda { unicode [Times] {x3BB}} ）（ def upmu { unicode [Times] {x3BC}} ）（ def upnu { unicode [Times] {x3BD}} } ）（ def upxi { unicode [Times] {x3BE}} ）（ def upomicron { unicode [Times] {x3BF}} ）（ def uppi { unicode [Times {x3C0}} } ）（ def uprho { unicode [Times] {x3C1}} ）（ def upsigma { unicode [Times] {x3C3}} ）（ def uptau { unicode [Times] {x3C4} } ）（ def upupsilon { unicode [Times] {x3C5}} ）（ def upphi { unicode [Times] {x3C6}}} ）（ def upchi { unicode [Times ] {x3C7}} ）（ def uppsy { unicode [Times] {x3C8}} ）（ def upomega { unicode [Times] {x3C9}} def bialpha { bol dsymbol { alpha}} ）（ def bibeta { boldsymbol { beta}} ）（ def bigamma { boldsymbol { gamma}} ）（ def bidelta { boldsymbol { delta}} ）（ def bivarepsilon { boldsymbol { varepsilon}} ）（ def bizeta { boldsymbol { zeta}}} ）（ def bieta { boldsymbol { eta }} ）（ def bitheta { boldsymbol { theta}} ）（ def biiota { boldsymbol { iota}} ）（ def bikappa { boldsymbol { kappa}} ）（ def bilambda { boldsymbol { lambda}} ）（ def bimu { boldsymbol { mu}} ）（ def binu { boldsymbol { nu}} ）（ def bixi { boldsymbol { xi}} ）（ def biomicron { boldsymbol { micron}} ）（ def bipi { boldsymbol { pi}} ）（ def birho { boldsymbol { rho}} ）（ def bisigma { boldsymbol { sigma}} ）（ def bitau { boldsymbol { tau}} ）（ def biupsilon { boldsymbol { upsilon}} ）（ def biphi { boldsymbol { phi}} ）（ def bichi { boldsymbol { chi}} ）（ def bipsy { boldsymbol { psy}} ）（ def biomega { boldsymbol { omega}} ）（ def bupalpha { unicode [Times] {x1D6C2}} ）（ def bupbeta { unicode [Times] {x1D6C3}} ）（ def bupgamma { unicode [Times] {x1D6C4}} ）（ def bupdelta { unicode [Times {x1D6C5}}} ）（ def bupepsilon { unicode [Times] {x1D6C6}} ）（ def bupvarepsilon { unicode [Times] {x1D6DC}} ）（ def bupzeta { unicode [Times] { x1D6C7}} ）（ def bupeta { unicode [Times] {x1D6C8}} ）（ def buptheta { unicode [Times] {x1D6C9}} ）（ def bupiota { unicode [Times] {x1D6CA}} ）（ def bupkappa { unicode [Times] {x1D6CB}} ）（ def buplambda { unicode [Times {x1D6CC}}} ）（ def bupmu { unicode [Times] {x1D6CD}} ）（ def bupnu { unicode [Times] {x1D6CE}} ）（ def bupxi { unicode [Times {x1D6CF}}} ））（ def bupomicron { unicode [Times] {x1D6D0}} ）（ def buppi { unicode [Times] {x1D6D1}} ）（ def buprho { unicode [Times] {x1D6D2} } ）（ def bupsigma { unicode [Times] {x1D6D4}} ）（ def buptau { unicode [Times] {x1D6D5}} ）（ def bupupsilon { unicode [Times ] {x1D6D6}} ）（ def bupphi { unicode [Times] {x1D6D7}} ）（ def bupchi { unicode [Times] {x1D6D8}} ）（ def buppsy { unicode [时间] {x1D6D9}} ）（ def bupomega { unicode [时间] {x1D6DA}} ）（ def bupvartheta { unicode [时间] {x1D6DD}} ）（ def bGamma { bf { Gamma}} ）（ def bDelta { bf { Delta}} ）（ def bTheta { bf { Theta}} ）（ def bLambda { bf { Lambda}} ）（ def bXi { bf { Xi}} ）（ def bPi { bf { Pi}} ）（ def bSigma { bf { Sigma}} ）（ def bUpsilon { bf { Upsilon}} ）（ def bPhi { bf { Phi}} ）（ def bPsi { bf { Psi}} ）（ def bOmega { bf { Omega}} ）（ def iGamma { unicode [Times] {x1D6E4}} ））（ def iDelta { unicode [Times] {x1D6E5}} ）（ def iTheta { unicode [Times] {x1D6E9}} ）（ def iLambda { unicode [Times {x1D6EC}}} ）（ def iXi { unicode [Times] {x1D6EF}} ）（ def iPi { unicode [Times] {x1D6F1}} ）（ def iSigma { unicode [Times] {x1D6F4}} ）（ def iUpsilon { unicode [Times] {x1D6F6}} ）（ def iPhi { unicode [Times] {x1D6F7}} ）（ def iPsi { unicode [Times] {x1D6F9}} ）（ def iOmega { unicode [Times] {x1D6FA}} ）（ def biGamma { unicode [Times] {x1D71E}} ）（ def biDelta { unicode [Times] {x1D71F}} ）（ def biTheta { unicode [Times] {x1D723}} ）（ def biLambda { unicode [Times {x1D726}}} ）（ def biXi { unicode [Times] {x1D729}} ）（ def biPi { unicode [Times] {x1D72B}} ）（ def biSigma { unicode [Times {x1D72E}}} ）（ def biUpsilon { unicode [Times] {x1D730}} ）（ def biPhi { unicode [Times] {x1D73 1}} ）（ def biPsi { unicode [Times] {x1D733}} ）（ def biOmega { unicode [Times] {x1D734}} ）（（P

Does Glaucoma Alter Eye Movements When Viewing Images of Natural Scenes? A Between-Eye Study

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