Neutral atomic-carbon quasar absorption-line systems at z> 1.5 - Sample selection, H?i content, reddening, and 2175 ? extinction feature

摘要

We present the results of a search for cold gas at high redshift along quasar lines of sight carried out without any a priori assumption on the neutral atomic-hydrogen content of the absorption-line systems. To do this, we systematically looked for neutral-carbon (C?i) λλ1560, 1656 transition lines in 41?696 low-resolution quasar spectra (1.5 21 (atoms cm-2) compared to systematic DLA surveys. Whilst the dust content of such systems is significant, their dust-to-gas ratio must still be limited. Indeed, strong DLAs having large amounts of shielded gas and dust producing stronger reddening and extinction of the background quasars, if they exist, should have been missed in the current magnitude-limited quasar sample. We study the empirical relations between Wr(C?i), N(H i), E(B?V), and the strength of the 2175 ? extinction feature. The latter is detected in about 30% of the C?i absorbers. We show that, at equal amount of reddening, the 2175 ? feature is weak compared to Galactic lines of sight. This is probably the consequence of current or past star formation in the vicinity of the C?i systems. We also find that the strongest C?i systems tend to have the largest amounts of dust and that the metallicity of the gas and its molecular fraction is likely to be high in a large number of cases. The C?i-absorber sample presented here hence provides ideal targets for detailed studies of the dust composition and molecular species at high redshift.