Kepler-539: A young extrasolar system with two giant planets on wide orbits and in gravitational interaction

摘要

We confirm the planetary nature of Kepler-539?b (aka Kepler object of interest K00372.01), a giant transiting exoplanet orbiting a solar-analogue G2?V star. The mass of Kepler-539?b was accurately derived thanks to a series of precise radial velocity measurements obtained with the CAFE spectrograph mounted on the CAHA 2.2-m telescope. A simultaneous fit of the radial-velocity data and Kepler photometry revealed that Kepler-539?b is a dense Jupiter-like planet with a mass of M _(p) = 0.97 ± 0.29 M _(Jup) and a radius of R _(p) = 0.747 ± 0.018 R _(Jup) , making a complete circular revolution around its parent star in 125.6 days. The semi-major axis of the orbit is roughly 0.5?au, implying that the planet is at ≈ 0.45?au from the habitable zone. By analysing the mid-transit times of the 12 transit events of Kepler-539?b recorded by the Kepler spacecraft, we found a clear modulated transit time variation (TTV), which is attributable to the presence of a planet c in a wider orbit. The few timings available do not allow us to precisely estimate the properties of Kepler-539?c and our analysis suggests that it has a mass between 1.2 and 3.6 M _(Jup) , revolving on a very eccentric orbit ( 0.4 & e ≤ 0.6 ) with a period larger than 1000?days. The high eccentricity of planet c is the probable cause of the TTV modulation of planet b. The analysis of the CAFE spectra revealed a relatively high photospheric lithium content, A (Li) = 2.48 ± 0.12 ?dex, which, together with both a gyrochronological and isochronal analysis, suggests that the parent star is relatively young.